What are the main advantages of lithium batteries for electric vehicles?

What are the main advantages of lithium batteries for electric vehicles?

Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in notebook computers, video cameras, mobile communications and other portable appliances due to their unique performance advantages. At present, the large capacity lithium ion battery developed has been put into trial use in electric vehicles and is expected to become one of the main power sources of electric vehicles in the 21st century. So, what are the main advantages of lithium batteries for electric vehicles?

What are the main advantages of lithium batteries for electric vehicles?

1. The energy is relatively high. The storage energy density is high, which has reached 460-600Wh/kg at present, about 6-7 times that of lead-acid batteries;
2. Long service life, up to more than 6 years. The battery 1C (100% DOD) with lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode can be charged and discharged for 10000 times.
3. The rated voltage is high, which is about equal to the series voltage of three nickel cadmium or nickel hydrogen rechargeable batteries, facilitating the formation of battery power pack;
4. It has a high power carrying capacity. The lithium iron phosphate battery for electric vehicles can reach a charge discharge capacity of 15-30C, which is convenient for high-intensity starting and acceleration;
5. The self discharge rate is very low, which is one of the outstanding advantages of this battery. At present, it can be less than 1%/month, less than 1/20 of NiMH battery;
6. Light weight, about 1/6-1/5 of the same volume of lead acid products;
7. High and low temperature adaptability, can be used in the environment of - 20-60, and can be used in the environment of - 45 after processing;
8. Environmental protection, no matter production, use or scrap, does not contain or produce any toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and lead, mercury, cadmium and other substances.
9. Production basically does not consume water, which is very beneficial to our country, which is short of water.

What are the main disadvantages of lithium batteries for electric vehicles?

1. The safety of lithium primary battery is poor and there is an explosion hazard.
2. Lithium cobalate lithium ion battery can not discharge at high current, and its safety is poor.
3. Lithium ion batteries shall be protected against over charging and over discharging.
4. High production requirements and high cost.

When using a lithium battery, it should be noted that after a period of time, the battery will enter the sleep state. At this time, the capacity is lower than the normal value, and the service time will be shortened accordingly. However, the lithium battery is easy to activate. It can be activated after 3-5 normal charging and discharging cycles to restore its normal capacity. Due to the characteristics of lithium battery, it has almost no memory effect. Therefore, the new lithium battery in the user's mobile phone does not require special methods and devices during the activation process. Not only in theory, but from my own practice, the "natural activation" method of charging with the standard method at the beginning is good.